Establishing an aesthetic gingival appearance first involves the restoration of gingival and periodontal health.Once the patient has confirmed efficient plaque control,and once plaque,calculus,and deficient crowns have been eliminated,aesthetic periodontal defects can be dealed with.If temporary restorations are left in place for 2 to 6 weeks,soft tissue defects may become more apparent as gingival shrinkage occurs after the resolution of inflammation.Aesthetic periodontal defects may include:

    1,residual gingival/periodontal defects;

    2,violations of proper biologic width;

    3,gingival asymmetries;

    4,inadequate keratinized gingival;

    5,localized gingival shrinkages;

    6,excessive gingival display;

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