Tooth is composed of enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp.

    1. Enamel:

    Tooth can be divided into two parts, including crown and root.The crown refers to the part exposed to oral cavity. The surface of crown is a thin enamel mainly formed of calcium and phosphorus, which is  the hardest tissue in the body. It can not only chew food, but also protect the underlying dentin from being damaged. However, it would not regenerate once formed.Unlike other tissues in the body ,it is impossible for teeth to repair by itself.As time goes on, the damaged area of the bad tooth will increase . So when the tooth is broken down, you should go to see a dentist immediately to fill the tooth decay to avoid re-occurrence of damage.

    Unfortunately ,due to the enamel has no blood vessels and nerves,there is no sign that teeth have pathological changes, so it can not be found and treated early. In order to maintain healthy teeth, it is necessary to do regular oral examination,which is helpful for early detection and treatment.

    2.Dentin:

    Dentin locates on the lower portion of the root’s cementum and the enamel of crown, which is composed of calcified bone-like tissue. It is considered to be kind of living tissue because it reacts to physiological and pathological stimuli.Different from the enamel, it will grow its entire lives. That is to say,when tooth decay or tooth loss happen, the formation of new dentin would prevent exposure of the pulp. However, sometimes the destruction of tooth decay is so fast that the newly formed dentin can not prevent the pulp from exposing. Dentin has countless small tubular, which enable it to have painful reaction suffering external stimulus. So it is understandable that patients often have the feeling of pain when dentist wears the layer of dentin. When it comes to the surface hardness,dentin is softer than enamel, while it is harder than  tooth cement.

    3. Pulp:

    There is a hole called pulp in the center of tooth, which is full of nerves, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. These nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels are connected to the nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels of jawbone through the hole of apical foramen. It can form new dentin and maintain the lives of teeth. And because of the exit of nociceptive nerve endings inside the pulp, it can feel the stimuli of cold, heat and bacteria. External stimuli cause the degeneration and death of pulp. And the whole canal and apical may gradually become smaller.

    4. Cementum:

    Root cementum is the outer tissue overlying the root of a tooth, which has the same structure with pulp. There are many tough fibers extending into the jawbone, which enable teeth to stand firmly in the jawbone. So the main function of cementum is to make the periodontal fibers attached to the root.

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